Check who can sign, recover, change rules and pay fees. A simpler interface does not remove contract or provider risk.
Identify signers
Test the process
Map dependencies
Signing rules
A smart account may require multiple approvals, spending limits or session keys. Read deployed rules rather than inferring safety from the interface.
Recovery
Identify guardians, delays, emergency powers and the procedure after losing a phone. Poor recovery design can lock funds or enable takeover.
Fees and relays
Under ERC-4337 a UserOperation may pass through a bundler and paymaster. Check sponsorship terms and what happens if those services stop.
Upgrades
An upgradeable account can receive fixes but also change its rules. Inspect administrators, delays, audits and the exit path before an upgrade.
Checks to make
| Topic | Check |
|---|---|
| Signing rules | Identify signers |
| Recovery | Test the process |
| Fees and relays | Map dependencies |
| Upgrades | Review authority |
Frequently asked questions
Does a recovery phrase always disappear?
No. Recovery design varies and may still rely on secrets.
Are gasless operations free?
No. Fees are sponsored, shifted or charged elsewhere depending on the service.
Verifiable sources
Independent educational content reviewed against primary documentation. No personalized recommendation or promise of returns. Reviewed September 25, 2026
